Sunday, March 31, 2019

The Success Factors Of The Nintendo Company Marketing Essay

The achi ever Factors Of The Nintendo Company Marketing EssayNintendo Co., Ltd is a multinational humankind listed troupe but privately held that take ons, manufactures ,and auction home entertainment intersections (Reuters).The gild is currently the one dominating the handheld soothe securities industry with its Nintendo DS as easily as its preceding incarnations of its best-selling Game boy handheld (Nintendo). Nintendo Company was Founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi ,a japanese man in the family 1889 (Ben, 2011) .The current president of Nintendo however is Satoru Iwata. The beau monde is found in Kyoto, japan (Marketwatch, 2012) and has a large number of employees both hardwargon and softw be based raft, this takes programmers ,business state and thinkers . The name of the company is derived from a Japanese proverb, when translated in incline language means Leave luck to heaven (Dominic, p. 1). Nintendo company is wide acknowledged for making depiction back ups (Ben, 2011) and is considered as one of the just ab tabu booming gaming industry worldwide (Dominic, p. 1) . The company has branches in America and europium with Japan being the leading market (Nicole, Jann, Kelsey, 2005). and operates in more than 26 sub branches and five associated companies. The companys branches consist of the Nintendo of America Inc., Nintendo of Canada Ltd., Nintendo of Europe GmbH, Nintendo France S.A.R and along with separates. Products Nintendo offers include but are non limited to - lei true machine much(prenominal) as portable and console blue resembling the Wii , Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo DSi as well as the Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo Entertainment System(NES), Nintendo 64 till the latest product the Wii U (Nintendo, 2012).1.2. Reason For Choosing Nintendo The company is considered as a applied science-based venture as it produces in high spirits applied science jeopardizes, uses 3D gaming engine room as in the suit of clothes of the Nintendo 3 DS systems , graphics, digital images and so forth. The company has revolutionize the gaming world by changing the modality goggle box games is perceived today (Sebastian, 2008). The reason for which the company has been chosen was non limited to the creativeness and innovation they emphasize on their products which grabs attention nor for their console being user-friendly , portable making it subdued to use , but in addition due to the fact that the company offers a brilliant example of one that has been able to stand on backbreaking moments, face failure at some point and succeeded in a market dominated by larger competitors (Sony and Microsoft) by continuously innovating and emend their products.2. Nintendo Company (An Overview) 2.1.History of NintendoThe Company started as a manufacturer of Hanafuda1performing billhook in the t avouch of Kyoto , due to its popularity at the time the company grow all over Japan (Dominic, p. 2). During World War II, mean plot the Japan economy was distraught , the demand for playing beleaguers however diminish slightly and thrived in the years that followed the war. In the year 1949, Nintendo welcomed its new president Hiroshi Yamauchi who tried to modernize the company by developing plastic playing cards earning its place as the largest playing card company in Japan at the time (Fukuine). In 1959, Nintendo and Disney signed an agreements that allows Nintendo to print their card with Disney cartoon on it and by the year 1962, Nintendo went out public. Due to the victory of their cards, and huge sales , the company extended its branches all over the world (Minami-ku) . The company by and by made an attempt for other business like clothing ,taxi service ,TV network, food company and toy-making company but however the toy-making company turned out to be the winnerful while the ease of the buisness experiment led to major failures. The toy-making company experienced achiever in the late 190s when Gunpei Yokoi a developer at Nintendo designed an extending arm toy The Ultra-hand. The creativity nature of Gunpei led to future release such as the baseball game throwing machine and other related products (Manali) . Nintendo later turned into the painting market which in later years proved to be their roughly advantageous decision (Wikia). Nintendos outset global large scale success came in the year 1981 with the release of the arcade game Donkey Kong. This game provided dark graphics, Disney cartoon figures and had multiple levels where by players had to jump over barrels, ride elevators and numerous others. The goal of the game was to save a princess from obstinate gorilla, the game was tempt and the story attracted people. Alongside the release of the arcade Donkey Kong, was Mario Bros which allowed players to kick enemies employ the game display established Nintendos place firmly in the video game industry. In 1985, Nintendo began to advertize their console in America and other pa rts of the world beneath the name of Nintendo Entertainment System(NES). In 1989, Nintendo introduced the first-class honours degree portable by hand game system , the Game boy and its successive iterations mainly the Game Boy Color, Pocket, Light and other. The years that followed introduced the 16-bit superior Nintendo Entertainment System(SNES) in America alongside with Super Mario Bros, The Legend of Zelda A Link to the Past and more for use with the SNES (Eric, 1999) which was a huge success . Moreover Nintendo began losing it grounds to their competitors mainly Sony and Microsoft when Sony released its play station console in 1991 (Dominic, p. 2). This however let them to the throw the Nintendo N64 ,with a 64-bit home video game system by the year 1996 which led to huge sales and its come-back featuring the translation of the previous arcade game and enhancing the game traces (Eric, 1999). In the years that followed, Nintendo products gained popularity while others w ere failures or criticized. In 2001, Nintendo introduced the WII, a home video game console which target people of all age group and gender as it is flabby to use and attractive. It was a year later that Satoru Iwata succeeded Hiroshi as chairwoman (Manali). Nintendo further launched the Nintendo DS devices in 2004 followed by the Nintendo DS I the most recent the Nintendo 3DS version alter players to play virtually on 3D platforms without the need of any glasses, the release of the 3DS was on 2011 and drifted a huge success (Yahoo). With the release of the latter products, Nintendo earned worldwide reputation (Manali). The latest Nintendo product is an incarnation of the Wii namely the Wii U which launch date is settled on the 17 November 2012 . The picture below summarizes the key historical dates of the Nintendo company .2.2. Success Factors Nintendo The key to Nintendo success is the incorporation of the hardware and software needed to develop their products .Meanwhile differe nt factors exists that charters the Company successful, three out of all are discussed as follows 2.2.1. Good Working Environment A Good working surroundings is one in which the employees and the entrepreneur/president of the company entertain a good and stable relationships .The employees are happy about their work and are upgraded to work harder. The entrepreneur/leader encourages employees to speak freely and pull out their ideas without restrictions. This motivates employees to be open-minded ,express their creativity and work harder towards the achievements of the uniform goal.Nintendo, provide a good working environment , the employees feels like they all belong to the same family as most of them have been working downstairs Nintendo name for some an(prenominal) years (Ben, 2011). Employees are encouraged to take decisions, and speak-up their ideas, share their knowledge, by doing so, Nintendo keeps the most talented employees as was the outcome with Gunpei Yokoi, the maintenance engineer working at Nintendo who had the idea to design the Ultra Hand product and was given adept support by the company president to design the product which later proved to be successful in the late 1970s (Manali). The creative nature of Gunpei in the years that follows beneficiated Nintendo company as the product designated under his whelm let to huge sales. Other than Gunpei, Nintendo has talented employees like who worked in concert all as a unscathed.2.2.2. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) CRM describes the charge an enterprise interacts with its customers. It is a strategic issue that the company undertakes to make sure they handle customers interactions and provide better focal point to respond to customers requests or by and through their strategy , target what the customers need (Wendy).Nintendo uses Disney cartoons figures as stated earlier. This grabs children attention and encourage them to afford a Nintendo product. They target their customers at an earlier age and their games are kid-friendly and educative gaining them popularity parents.For Nintendo , Expanding the gaming industrys customer was their vision. They wanted to attract more people , people that are not usually used to play video games. The company were the first to target players from all age groups and gender not just the regular age 5-22 but quite a 3-120 . Unlike Sony and Microsoft , Nintendo did not try to impress their customers by adding more technical features on their products, rather than doing that, they continuously search for a delegacy to adapt to their customers inescapably and make radical innovation. They fit their products to best benefit their customers and this is one of the most Copernican success factor the company has.Nintendo provide a discussion gathering for their product in their website . The forum is open and is accessed by all Nintendo fans as well as potential consumers . People can interact with all(prenominal) other di scussing their experience with the Nintendo product they own or think of grease ones palms , the product they liked the most , dislike, what they think could be done to break on any of the Nintendo product, or just stipulate their expectation. Nintendo later uses this t individuallying as a step forward to adapt the need of their customers to their product. This maintains a firm relationship between Nintendo and their customers and shows how much they care about their needs .Nintendo also provides reasonable prices for their products as compared to their competitors. they make sure the common people will gain or benefit from their products thereby increasing their own profit (Nicole, Jann, Kelsey, 2005, p. 14). They have incorporated a free game with all(prenominal) Wii unit with a price of $250 that surely was not comparable as the playstation3 of Sony with a price of $350 by the time (Brian, 2012).With the venture of the Nintendo WII product, came the WII sport feature. Nin tendo resolved to launch WII sport trying to find a healthy way for people not to become obese by spending their whole time playing game, those who wants to loose weight or just normal people wanting to stay fit by doing sports without going out of their homes. They realized the adult population needed it, and requested it, so they launch the WII sport feature, which was easy to learn and to use, adapting itself to normal life. The product brought in a new sort of social and physical interactive entertainment in a new form that can be played with friends or family , The console did not only revolutionize the gaming industry by giving the market a product that suits their needs and desires but also helped Nintendo strengthen its place as a leader in the video industry.2.2.3. Innovation and Technology It is important for an enterprise to identify the technology necessary for its buisness to keep growing as technology is changing in articulate to widen their audience and keep their target customers beneath (Marian, 2000).When coming to technology and innovation issues, Nintendo moves as fast as technology changes occur. Since players often purchase the game they want based on the features that the console offers. Nintendo succeeded by adapting its consoles with the features and needs its target audience desires . From history Nintendo has been the leader of hardware design, they were the first to feature shoulder buttons on the controller for the Super Nintendo, they implement joystick first, enabling gamers to have a hold on their games and this rendered the games more interesting up to now to casual gamers (Joshoua, Randolf, Bradley).Nintendo has always been innovative continuously adding up new features on their existing product as well as creating a ingrained new sort of product to target new audience.At each steps forward, Nintendo continuously figured out a way to improve on their product by applying new technology as was the case for the Nintendo 3DS which opened up a new generation of gaming systems. Nintendo 3DS was the first game represented in 3D that was played without any glasses. Players would not need to bother themselves and could actually live the experience. This pretty much attracted interest, adding-up to the picturesque amazing graphics going it offers.Nintendo keenness to revisit old-fashioned technologies that many gamers thought outdated was one of the reason they are successful today. They did slim down themselves on selecting the correct technologies that its target audience will apply, find it easy to use while having fun.With the release of the wii, Nintendo showed to the world a new way to control a device through the use of the wii remote control. A new air for the gaming industry began.Their way of integrating technology is just amazing, just like their latest product WII U Gamepad which has added a touch screen , a technology never used earlier in the video game world to control games. This relates that the games played on the Wii U will offer a player any way he wants to control the game . The gamer can choose to control the game using either buttons, knobs, Wii remote control or lately through the touch screen.3. Conclusion Nintendo would likely be the first game child-play ever . Throughout the years, it has faced huge failures and extremely strong competitors as Sony and Microsoft, though the Nintendo products cannot be comparable to those two due to the complicated hardware they use, and their technology advancement, Nintendo still stands as the number one in the Video game Industry for hand-held console. The Company brilliant working team, managerial process , relationship with their customers and continuous innovation has earned them along lasting vista in the gaming industry. One cannot go without saying that Nintendo products has changed the way we looking at video games today. They may not be tough in front of Sony and Microsoft but they are most inevitably the mos t creative. The grade they offer with the technology that matches up the needs is what makes Nintendo an outstanding and successful company .

Tmj Closed Lock Syndrome Management Health And Social Care Essay

Tmj Closed Lock Syndrome foc utilise Health And Social Care EssayTemporo mandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective termination has been defined as a theme of conditions that affect the temporomandibular give voice (TMJ), go across of mastication and associated structures. These disorders are common, affecting at least 30% of the population.1 TMD tummy severely affect individuals daily activities and produce varying symptoms ranging from mild aggravation to severe survive disability. Patients with TMD often presents with reduced mandibular function alternative to increased smart levels, reduced ability in chewing, modified communicate propagateing and during excursive movement of the adjunction.There are many causes of contain mandibular movement, unopen employ is the most common presentation in the clinic. Closed lock is a well recognised condition. An estimated 2% of wad with TMD suffer from a unsympathetic lock. 2 It has been suggested that condylar translation is confine by the chastening of the disc to reduce, with the posterior band being detain anterior to the condylar head. It was too proposed this condition was a result of two-sided restriction in gliding movements of the disc ca utilise by its adherence to the fossa. 3 These separate of patients often complaints of travel to- hypothesis difficulties such as unhinge, restriction and TMJ tightness.Macrotrauma to the structures of the joint through impact or extension injuries, and microtrauma either in the form of clenching or occlusal abnormalities may contributes in the aetiology of internal derangement with closed lock.A various preaching options nurse been considered to improve the symptoms of closed lock. Non- working(a) approaches may populate of anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, splint therapy, physi another(prenominal)apy, exercise, moist heat, stress management and softish diet or combination of thereof. In patients whom the symptoms turn up refra ctory to non-invasive therapy, surgical management on the TMJ is generally considered.The aim of this dissertation is to discuss and contemplate the published data to support the current management of TMJ closed lock syndrome.Literature ReviewThere are many manipulation modalities in management of TMJ closed lock. The two main approaches used are non-surgical and surgical treatment.Treatment efforts are directed towardReduction of pain using opthalmic Analogue Scale (VAS)Improvement in communicate opening and askant movementImprovement in joint function.For most TMD, clinicians generally score that non-surgical and non invasive care should precede surgery. However, for TMJ closed lock, surgery has been described as preferable. 4Non operative TreatmentA range of conservative treatments including physiotherapy, occlusal seize with teeth splints, NSAIDS, muscle relaxants, stress management and soft diet are available.Minakuchi et al5 conducted a randomized go steadyled evaluati on of non-surgical treatments for closed lock. 232 patients were randomly allocated to one of three group restrict, self-care plus NSAIDs, or occlusal appliance jaw mobilization plus self-care/NSAIDs. The subjects were sight over 2 months period. All three experimental groups had crucial advancement in their signs and symptoms with time. The self-care/ NSAIDs group showed more(prenominal) improvements in the daily activities limitation compared with the other two groups. However, this difference was present only for two reappraisal appointment, and during the stand up review at 8 weeks, there were no significant group difference. These data suggests the gradual improvement in signs and symptoms was non-specific and was not related to the lineament of treatment, but more to the passage of time.Lundh et al 6 carried out a randomized controlled workplace on 51 patients. These patients are hard-boiled with a flat occlusal splint or to serve as an untreated control group. It i s noted that at the end of 12 months period, 16% of patients in control group and 40% of patients treated with splints, the symptoms were worse than at the beginning at the show. In addition, 36% of patients in the control group improved afterwards 1 twelvemonth without treatment. This issue indicates that aggressive treatment modalities should not be used in the initial phase of closed lock. Instead, counselling and nice pain medication seems to be a reasonable treatment approach.Surgical TreatmentSurgery on the temporomandibular joint is generally only considered when non-invasive therapy proved unsuccessful. Closed lock is usually associated with permanent disc displacement, and this condition is often resistant to conservative treatment.The primary role of surgery is physical debridement, remedy and removal of diseased tissue that cause pain and dysfunction at bottom the TMJ. The primary aim of surgery is to reduce the symptoms of pain and to improve joint function of ind ividuals.The historical perspective on temporomandibular surgery dates back to 1887 when Annadale7 account two successful operations to reposition and secure the disc in two patients.CondylectomyIn 1957 Henry and Baldrige8 described the condylectomy operation. They emphasized the preservation of the disc, and limited bone reduction to increase joint space, and relieve irritation to nerve-bearing tissues. Condylectomy was in one case extensive used, but has many disadvantages 9. It often leads to ramus shortening with resultant of malocclusion and mandibular deviation to the side of the surgery.Ward 10 in a review of 21 patients, who he followed for periods of up to three eld, reported a utmost success rate. Banks and MacKenzie 11 in a much larger series of 211 patients reported 91% of them to be cured or improved by surgery. However, in a inspection of patients by Lindahl 12, a high preponderance of persistent pain and dysfunction was still evident.ArthroscopyTemporomandibular joint arthroscopy is a new-fashioned method for the management of acute, subacute, and sometimes chronic limitation of movement of the TMJ. The miniaturised arthroscopy to the TMJ low appeared by Ohnishi 13 in the Japanese literature in 1975. It is used as diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. It has been postulated that it improves limited joint movement by lysis and lavage of fibrotic adhesions, and reductions of surface adherence on articulating joint spaces.Sanders et al 14 conducted 40 arthroscopic procedures on 25 patients during the mid 1980s in management of closed lock. All patients showed improvement and eventually asymptomatic after the procedures. They have good enough range of opening and have little preauricular pain after.Moses et al 15 did a retrospective studies on 237 patient with 419 TMJ joints. 63% of patients reported to have an increase in opening and in these 73% having an interincisal opening of 40mm or greater after 1 year post treatment. 97% of these p atients purview their surgery was successful and 82% stated that would undergo the procedure again. The results of this study appear that the arthroscopic procedure has a definite pass judgment in the treatment of TMJ internal derangement.White et al 16 undertook a similar study on 66 patients with 100 TMJ joints. The overall postoperative increase in maximal incisor opening was 38.4%. 85.7% of the patients rated their postoperative pain and function greatly and fairly improved and 100% of the patients stated they would have the arthroscopic surgery again. However, a failure rate of 7.5% was noted by the objective criteria.Clark et al 17 also reported decreased in mean pain score value by 57%, also an improvement of 67% jaw function in 18 patients after 2 years postarthroscopic surgical treatment.Davis at al 3 evaluated 51 patients, with 80 joints with closed lock that were treated with arthroscopic surgery. Results showed that an immediate improvement after the treatment and fol lowed by a more gradual improvement during the next 6 months, with a plateau in improvement thereafter.Kurita et al 18 also evaluated the correlation between operative utter opening and surgical outcome after arthroscopic surgery. 12 of the 14 patients (86%) showed good reduction in pain and improved range of jaw movement. However, 2 patients showed no improvement after the treatment and require open surgical procedures. The 2 failed cases had 10 and 19mm opening respectively before the treatment. The originator concluded that limitation of mouth opening less than 22mm may be a relative contraindication to arthroscopic treatment. The main disadvantage of this study is that the number of patients in this study is very small.Abd-Ul-Salam et al 19 conducted a retrospective study to investigate the incidence of reoperation after TMJ arthroscopic surgery in 315 consecutive patients (488 patients). He documented a 22% incidence of further surgery arthroscopy or open surgery after TMJ a rthroscopic surgery.ArthrocentesisTMJ arthrocentesis was first described by Nitzan et al 20 in 1991 for the treatment of temporomandibular joint pain and movement restriction.Nitzan et al 20 described this technique as irrigation on the upper joint compartment with Ringers solution. The injected fluid enables the disc to slide and thereby re-establishes normal maximal opening in closed lock. The treatment was shown to be effective, providing significant improvement in maximal mouth opening and lateral movement, and decreased in pain level and disturbance in jaw function involved 17 joints in 17 patients. The overall success rate is 91%. Nitzan et al 21 conducted another study in 1997 on 39 patients with 40 joints with severe closed lock. The overall improvement, as expressed in pain and dysfunction levels, was about 95%, with no recurrence of severe closed lock.A prospective study done by Dimitroulis 22 using the same technique on 46 patients with acute limitation of mouth opening, showed significant improved in pain, jaw opening and function.Hosaka et al 23 evaluated the outcome of arthrocentesis for TMJ with closed lock at a 3 years follow-up in 20 patients. The success rate was 70% at 6 months follow-up and increase to 78.9% over the 3 years of follow-up. The literature showed stable good outcome at 3 years follow-up as compared to 6 months.Alpaslan et al 24 conducted a 5 year retrospective to evaluate the long-term outcome of TMJ arthrocentesis on 34 patients with 48 joints. There was a significant (P 0.001) increase in the maximal mouth opening. Pain and dysfunction levels were significantly (P 0.001) lower than pre-operative values. 26% of patients were pain necessitous and 88% of patients had less pain than before.EminectomyAn alternative surgical approach to the treatment of closed lock of the temporomandibular joint is eminectomy. The surgery involves reduction of the articular greenback of the TMJ, provides greater freedom of movement between th e condyle disc and the reduced articular eminence.Stassen et al 25 conducted a pilot study of the use of eminectomy in the treatment of closed lock in 18 patients. Results show significant increase in mouth opening and a decrease in pain. Both the improvement in inter incisal distance and reduction of symptoms were ensnare to be statistically significant (P

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Causes of Stress Among School Teachers

Causes of prove Among School T to each oneersThe effects of focal point upon a persons life can be profound. Different studies leave shown that hypothesise connect speech pattern affects recreate satisfaction and over all happiness. Increasing accent is becoming recognized occupational embark in the educational profession. In a country like Pakistan we can non ignore the space in educational setting. Teachers agitations and clique boycotts atomic follow 18 ordinary practice that shows their dissatisfaction. Both quantity and graphic symbol of education argon non good. There whitethorn be numerous causes of sieve in teachers. To investigate the causes and the nature of judge is of vital importance for improving the quality of education. The present study give be an crusade to investigate the causes of mental strain and to belong an orientation of how to explore it on a titanicr scale.Statement of the problemThe proposed study pull up stakes investigate the ca uses of accent among initiate teachers.Significance of the studyReceiving inadequate practical attention from political side education department especially naturalize maculation is genuinely bad. Working staff in civilise is very much forbid and every one from principal to lowest rank servant complains virtually his status and neglected condition. It is clear that every one face rough kind of stress which is intelligible in his lake of interest in job. This disinterestedness leads to unforesightful teaching surround and alike creates administrative problems for the head of the institution. To improve the situation in school it is must to create stress free environment. nevertheless nonhing can be improved without knowing the factors involved in creating stress among the staff especially the teachers who be prudent for the unwrap zip of the system. So this study will be very important for those who be concerned with the education system e.g. the following can ta ke servicing of this studyHeads of educational institutionsEducation plannersEducation departmentSociety stakeholders who considers teachers responsibleDelimitations of the studyThe research will follow the conceptual theoretical framework highly-developed on the basis of review of related literature. However, the study will restrict it egotism to primary investigation of government high schools moreover in district Peshawar only.Hypotheses of the studyThe following hypotheses will be tested in that respect is significant discrepancy in the midst of salary of teachers and the level of stress at that place is significant deviance between level of stress and traveling to authorizetheir place of duty. in that respect is significant difference between personal troth among teachers and stress in teachersthere is significant difference between associate sizing and stress in teachersthere is significant difference between level of stress in teachers and lengthy coursesthere is significant difference between level of stress in teachers and Heavy work send on themthere is significant difference between level of stress in teachers and Authoritarian behavior of the principalthere is significant difference between level of stress in teachers and lake of rule and discipline in schoolthere is significant difference between level of stress in teachers and lake of community supportSample of the studySince the research will be restricted to schools of one district only, therefore to see the meaningful effect the sample will comprise 60% of the whole tribe of teachers in the district.Brief Review of related literatureDefinition of stressIt is not easy to define the concept of stress. Usually it is associated with the less gentle aspect of life (Sharp, 1977).Hans selye(1956) specify stress as the non precise response of the luggage compartment to any demand. it was use as a substitute for anxiety mesh and emotional sorrow. To Bower(1984) it is any force that b rings some trade in an existence for better or worse. There be many much commentarys only when their description equates stress with incommode. However the literature about stress do not conform this meaning. It refers to a wide range of physiological metamorphoses and environment pressures in the health illness literature. It be make outs clear when Selye further distinguishes in his explanation of stress between eustress, that is an exciting and pleasant kind of demand and hurt that is threatening ,unpleasant or nonetheless harmful demand. This distinction between eustress and distress lies in the perception of the person.The above discussion leads us to general definition as Sharp has inclined.Aaccording to him stress is an individual perception and assessment. This definition is full(a) and means that every thing which we retrieve with our five senses is a germ of stress. The definition likewise makes it clear that the perception and assessment of the environment is not the same by each individual. For example for a person, moving to a new town might be a initiation of distress because of some painful loss.The above definition illustrates that stress is the fact of life. We cannot dodge from it anywhere. Without stress life means death. So for living a better life we should understand it.Theoretical perspectiveStress theory begins with the experiments of Hans Selye (1956) who depict stress as biological syndromeExperiments on rates show that if the beness is severely damagedby acute non specific cocoas agents much(prenominal) as an exposure to cold, surgicalinjury, production of spinal shocka typical syndrome appears, the symptomsof which ar unconditional of the nature of the alter agent and representrather the nature of damaging agent as such.The app bent state of this syndrome is called stress, which brings biological kinds in the organism. Selyes remark was that stress reaction was general and occurred in response to any number of contrastive stimuli. He saw this reaction as an adoptive syndrome of this organism in response to external stress. The form this syndrome takes place is called general adaptation syndrome (GAS). GAS consists of deuce-ace phases,(i) alarm reaction (ii) resistance (iii) exhaustion. In the early stage the system assesses the situation and prepargon for fight or flight of steps simply the overall resistance is to a stressor initially decreases. During the resistance the trunk becomes adapted to the presence of the stressor and begins to resist its impact. It whitethorn mean fighting or controlling ones self trying. The exhaustion starts if the stressor continues and the body reaches the end of its capacity for resistance, the resolve may be a collapse, illness, mental disorder or even death. In general the current research suggests that the stress response is not a simple biological response to no specific stressors but rather a complex, interrelated process including the occ urrence of stressor, how it is seen physiologically by the organism, under what circumstances the stressor occurs, how the organism characteristically reacts and what the resources are that the organism has, for sale for traffic with the stressors. The concept of a general stress reaction may be viable but only if we assume that it represents the sum of a great many psychological and physiological factors rather than a specific all or non response to the occurrence of a stressing publication falsifiable perspectiveStressful life events- Halms and Rahi (1967) developed the favorable Readjustment outdo for measuring the passion of 43 life events. Newman (1983) found that the intensity of stress depends on the persons impression of the life event and his coping strategies. dickens different interpretations have been offered about why life events may be level(p) to physical or psychological disturbance. atomic number 53 view suggests that all change is stressful and the source i s not important. The total amount of life change in a given period should predict subsequent stress responses. The split second view focuses on undesirable or negative changes as the primary stressors. In a number of studies, this factor i.e. the undesirable change was more closely related to disturbance than was total change. Apparently there is not a direct relationship between occurrence of crises events and the observe physical and psychological disturbance of crises state. It is difficult to know when a crises event is about to occur. galore(postnominal) of the important life events occur by change. Two factors will influence the finis to which crises event s lead to crises states. One is persons interpretation of the event. The second is the effectiveness of the persons coping strategies.The hassles of daily life there are countless minor stress events that have low intensity but greater frequency. According to Lazarus ,et al (1985) these daily life hassles are important sources of stress. They have developed hassles scale on which individual indicates the extent to which he has been hassled by common event during the past month. The incline of these hassles includes household, quantify pressure, inner concern, financial and work. The effects of these hassles also apply to health.Work as a source of stress- work can also be a source of stress. The factors that make work stressful are work overload, work under load, employees role and change in the work environment.Stress in teachers- work stress has been recognized as occupational hazard of teaching and its causes have been fairly healthy established(Smith and Milstein, 1984).According to Kyriacou(1987) teachers experience more work stress than most other occupational groups and according to Pankhurst(1982) they are more distressed than the general population. Nagy and Davis (1985) have found that junior and utility(prenominal) school teachers in one place are about as stressed as their colleagu es elsewhere. At organizational level there are many factors that contribute to teachers stress.Students discipline managing exuberant students is invariably among the top be items in teacher stress. Among various manifestations of school discipline problem i.e. disruptive students, threats of personal injury, verbal abuse, and assault on colleagues are represented three or four times, in the list of top ten stressors. This is evident from the various surveys of teaching stress (Goodlad 1984). Bloch (1978) studied the effects of violence on teachers and equivalenced their symptoms to those of combat neurosis. These teachers suffered from anxiety, insecurity, nightmare, fatigue, irritability, headaches, ulcers and number of other emotional and physical symptoms. Lazarus (1966) pointed out that prevision of a threat may be as stressful as an actual stress. According to Lortie(1975) teachers who fail to keep control over students before long find that teachers are intolerable wor k.A related issue is that of students neediness of interest. According to Goodlad when teachers were asked, what is this schools turgidgest problem? they answered, Lack of students interest. Teachers do feel enormously defeated and deprived of crucial sense of gratification when working with students who are isolated and unconcerned about learning. These students are not only personally frustrated but they also contribute to a enlighten tone oftentimes leading to further discipline problem, that make it more difficult for a teacher to do effectively in the class room.Administrative insensitivityThe complaint is usually linked to the issues of students violence and school discipline. Many teachers think administrators are neither supportive nor sensitive to students violence and do little about enforcing rules or promoting a secure learning environment. Teachers feel that administrators are too content with their proper work in offices and avoid dealing with problem students. S tress has been found to be significantly related to principals corporation in problem solving and not supporting the teachers (Jackson, S.E. et.al 1986)Involuntary TransfersThis source of stress is much related to teachers. Being a principal my self I witness this phenomenon in teachers community in everyday life. Many teachers are not satisfied with their place of duty and a large number of them complain this when they are prompted and transferred to other station which is not their choice. such transfer notices demoralize teachers and they think about retirement.Large class sizeClassrooms generally require structure children attention and the most effective classrooms are generally those in which teachers can individualize lessons to meet the needs of each child. The problem becomes difficult with the increase in size of the class. Because large class size provides fewer opportunities to interact individually with each student, the teacher feel less involved and less effective. Moreover with the increase in class size classroom management becomes more difficult. Overcrowded classrooms then are seen weaken the likelihood of effective teaching.Inadequate SalariesTeachers also complain of their low salaries. They compare their salaries with other professional groups and their work at school level with that of the teachers at college level. This situation becomes stressful for teachers. To meet their expenditure they search for other ways. They do private tuition, which is also a blame for teachers to earn from their own school students.Parents and society at large expect from teachers and invest them with an enormous arcdegree of responsibility. Politicians continually declare that our children are our nations future. In response to such narration teachers ask, where are the financial rewards that equate with such important task? This situation shows that inadequate salary is a source of stress for teachers. percentage ambiguity, Role conflict and Role ov erloadRole ambiguity is associated with a neediness of clarity regarding workers right(a)s, rsponsibilities, methods, goals, status and obligation. Although in some ways teachers role is defined quite explicitly, that is to teach children well, in other ways with regard to school discipline and business ambiguity arises. Role conflict occurs when inconsistent, incompatible or inappropriate demands are placed upon an individual. Sutton (1984) pointed to common sources of role conflict for teachers. They are expected to provide quality education to their students, yet they are not allowed to use the best instructional methods or curriculum materials available. They are responsible for maintaining discipline but do not have the authority for doing so. Teachers may also experience role conflict when they are told to perform task that is outside the domain of their professional work.Role overload is one of the common complaints of those who, with their own needs, interest, motivation and achievement level are a big number, for any one person to handle. Role overload may also occur from the efforts necessary to work effectively with children who are seemingly spur-of-the-moment or unmotivated to attend school. Sutton has pointed out two distinct, though as dysfunctional responses to work overload. In the first case teachers feel forced either to do low quality work or to not finish the work at all which is psychologically as well as physiological problem. Stress results from either response. This is a general list of work related stressors for teachers. In any given school a number of idiosyncratic stressors impinge upon teachers, their existence is a junction of the flake of individuals who have taught and who have learned in that particular setting.Societal Factors nonchalant parents parents beliefs, an integral part of the educational process and parental support of childrens work, powerfully influence school conquest. The teachers generally welcome paren tal involvement in schools but majority parents are not supportive to teachers.Unsupportive parents come under two major varieties not involved and too involved. In the first group are those parents who are not available.Incapable, uninterested in their childrens education and those who put whole responsibility of educating of their children on teachers. In the second group are those parents who have decided that the real education is only possible if parents constantly monitor what occurs in the school. These parents feel that their child is being overlooked by the teacher and that only constant pressure on their part will rectify the situation. Although all parents are not of such kind but generally parents are perceived by teachers as either unhelpful or unavailable or intrusive.Public review article the typical comments about teachers from public include they have much offs, get much for the little they cannot do anything else etc. charged with the educating and socializing so many children teachers are reminded of their failures and rarely praised for their successes. This evaluation of teachers by the public in such a way make them stressful.Public demand for accountability apparently it is reasonable to say that public should hold teachers accountable for the success of their work. The public pay taxis ad pay teacher salaries and have right to expect some performance levels. However from the prospective of teachers the demand for accountability is too often the means by which teachers autonomy and sense of professionalism are trampled upon by those who know little about education and educational evaluation. more or less troubling to teachers is their feeling that society expects them to educate, socialize every student who comes to school regardless of the social, economic and psychological difficulties some of these students bring with them. If parents, psychologists social workers have failed why teachers should be accountable for all the problems. This demand of accountability is also a source of stress for teachers.Procedure of the studyBased upon the clinical of the study an occupational stress armoury will be developed regarding job related stress events. In developing the items in the inventory discussion with the local teachers and study of the related literature will be focused. Teachers opinion about stress inducing problems will be given more importance. Like previous researchers Likert Scale will be used for obtaining data about job related stress.BIBLIOGRAPHYBloch, A.M. (1978). Conflict Neurosis in inner city schools, American journal of Psychiatry, 135, 189-192.Bowers. (1984).n being unconsciously influenced and Informed. American Journal of Psychiatry, 135, 1Goodlad.J.I. (1984). A place called school, New York ,McGraw-hill.Holms, TH Rahi (1967). The Social Readjustment Scale. Journal Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213-218.Jackson, S.E, et al. (1986). Towards an understanding of the burnout phenomenon Journal of ap plied psychology, 19 (4) 630-640.Kyriaco, C. (1987). Teacher stress and burnout An international review of Education and Research 29(20) 146-152Lazarus, R.(1978). A strategy for Research on Psychological and Social factors of hypertension. Journal of humane Stress, 4, 35-40.Lortie, D. (1975).school teacher. Chicago university of Chicago pressNagy, D. Davis (1982). The relationship of Type A and B personalities in Farber B.A (1991) Crises in Education, California Jossy-Bass inc.Newman, J, E. Beehr, T.A (1979). Personal and organizational strategies for handling job stress a review of research and opinion, Personal Psychology, 32, 1-43.Pankhurst, F. (19820 Stress, health and absenteeism in teaching, National Education, 19 (1) 39-51Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life. New York. McGraw HillSharp, R.F. (1977) Thrives on stress. capital of the United Kingdom Souvenir PressSmith, D.Milstein, M.(1984) Old wine in new bottles. urban Education, 39-51

Friday, March 29, 2019

Can the EU Serve as an Integration Model for ASEAN?

Can the EU Serve as an Integration form for ASEAN?The age old saying of thithers more than mavin focal point to skin a cat has served as a clichd phrase to adequately illustrate and paint the basisvas of the archetypal branch, precedent standard or the perfect specimen isnt the sufferd avenue to success. This expression has been applicable as life advice, in competitive sports, race choices, as well as habitual daily-life in achieving greatness, the idiom has in both case lent to Inter provinceal Relations. Cooperation at any level is considered an achievement in all respectful fields the king to set aside differences, make out special Kality for a purpose and the overlapping determi nation in arrival that ambition. The success of cooperating in global Relations points the form of nation states attack together in alliance on the basis of prevalentality towards an ambitious goal, furthering into nation states in regions linking arms in pursuit for a embodied obj ective. This profound bond is the grouping of nation states in a sphere exuding behaviors as a incorporated who understand differences, identify common interests and puree towards a unified goal. The prototypes of regionalization would be of the European yoke, the EU, and the familiarity of Southeast Asiatic Nations or ASEAN. While the two regional groupings take away been known to be successful, the level of integrating in the midst of the two differ quite considerably. The EUs level of integrating furthers ASEAN by many folds the qualification to ruffle non only areas for uninvolved business, barely the unification of the market, currency, common passport, a customs wedlock and a commonality in inappropriate insurance as a region all by dint of a common institution. The overwhelming success of the European join dwarfs that of ASEAN where the Asian counterpart has only been able to achieve integrating regionally through free trade and sparing movement. The difference in level of consolidation begs the question of whether the EU stupefy has the ability to befit that of ASEAN and provide take outlines and shew to be case in regional integrating. To begin whether the EU specimen is capable of providing as a structural guideline for ASEAN, we inspect the circumstances of the purpose distri al superstarively integration from its origins, and examine the validity of the two thence systematically stipulate whether the EU warning is capable of befitting that of ASEAN to achieve paralleling success in the East. The integration of the European coalescence isherald as the greatest union of nation states in a region, gameyest achievementin integration of a common currency, customs union, single market, commonpassport and foreign polity under a common institution. The ability for the outgrowths to share sovereignty and forego to a bodied long-term goal of aregional cooperation higher up domestic interests creates a supportive envir onment inchanneling political go away. The European Union marked the pi unityer for regional integrationwhich exhibited a collective political theory of a familiarity fire earlier than thetraditional equilibrium of power mode accrediting Robert Schuman of France and KonradAndenauer of Germany. The collective to channel political volition conduct to theconstruction of a legally binding common institution which oversaw the integrationproject. This horse opera determine empowered the consensus approach with a pronged initiatoryof solidarity and tolerance by non isolating any member regarding major(ip)domestic issues of a banking crisis resulting in an increase in man debt.Greece represents the startle test to the European Unions Single currencyresulting in a great increase in both public debt and deficit. The consensusapproach meant that Union were hesitant in decision-makings as well asimplementing policies until the coarse majority of member states were pursued tocoll ectively pursue and implement such(prenominal) policies. The process of proposalspassed through the Working Party, then to the Permanent RepresentativesCommittee (Coreper) then finally a Council configuration secures that aproposal befits the interests of the entire Union. The willingness to providesignificant pecuniary channelise to help poorer members catch up with thecollective norm meant that stronger members in the Union saw the importance of pecuniary weaker nation states and placed collective will power above domestic interests and meant a lag and a pull back on financial capabilities for further advancements.Under theleadership of France and Germany meant that Paris and Berlin were the driving forcescrew the EU integration, and under this leadership can attri howevere to thesuccess of the integration itself in the ability for the two countries tooverlook historic differences between the two and step together for a successof a better tomorrow. The hyper comminuted element that make regionalism successful inEurope in achieving the European Union was the ability to push asidedifferences the capability in cooperative historical pasts. With historicalreconciliation, especially between France and Germany with a turbulenthistorical past of the war of 1870, the First and Second World War. The reconciliation brought the coherence that allowed for the development of relationship building and thenecessary political will for cooperation and ultimately integration. Theachievement through years of sustained political effort from leaders of bothcountries surface way that facilitated the mend of commonality towards sculptinga regional familiarity. This is a manifestation of the European Unions ability andcommunity approach and through a common institution of the European Econmic partnership formed a Free Trade Area, instill a tradition Union that light-emitting diode to aSingle Market and Single Currency. The regional cooperation of sparings wasntthe limit as foreign policy overlapped amongst the members which allowed for acommon passport. These aspects and byproducts through political will inachieving an ambitious common goal forged an atmosphere of peace, prosperityand security in the European environment. With an ambitious idea seen through to the very end can prove to solidify and validate the EU molding of integration especially in its historical record of responding to crisis. The validity of cooperation is tested in the face of uproar and with such response by the European Union model, this integration has be time and time again that in crisis it has responded astoundingly, as well stimulate mechanisms that eliminate repeating failures. Crisis that brought leveraged adversity namely the failed plan for a European Community in 1954 led to the creation of the European Economic Community, the EEC, the resign chair crisis of 1965 led to the de facto acceptance of the Qualified Majority Voting reflecting the consensus approach, QMV, and its eventual(prenominal) acceptance resulting in the 1986 Single European Act. A currency crisis of the eighties birthed to the European Monetary System and ultimately the Euro, and finally the demise of communism in Europe led to the establishment of a common foreign and security policy paving way for the widest overstatement EU members into the Unions integration.Inretrospect, there were many directments that had to be met for legion(predicate) nationstates to come together in unison linked by interests. Requirements that placesthe tie beam of Southeast Asian Nations to the test in its own integration. The process of the European integration may agree had the head start and set an example to other regions for the strive forregionalism only if the European Union isnt without flaws, flaws that formerlyexamined may unveil why the tungstenern model is ill suited for ASEAN. The EuropeanUnion has been the most developed model of regional integration, althoughhistorica lly through common institutions and the sharing of sovereignty forproblem solving, recent crises harbourt been handled well. Shaken by an economicand financial crisis, and the neediness of a timely and coherent response to theEurozone crisis called into question the integrity of the union and increasedoubts of the integration process altogether. The financial crisis revealedstructural and institutional fault lines which led to a decline of the Westernorientated area power into one that gave rise to Asia and its market power.Mechanisms in place that aimed to reverse or wing the effects of the economicand financial crisis were economic adjustments or austerity measures but cameoff as flagellumening towards domestic affairs. The adjustments allowed for thefragility of political ropiness and stability the capital of Portugal Treaty, also known asthe Reform Treaty, that replaced the European Constitution. One of majorchanges of the Lisbon Treaty will be the sore president of the Eu ropean council withtwo and half year term which will replace the current presidency rotatingbetween member states every half a dozen months. Although the Lisbon Treaty sought areform that would restructure leadership, it paved way for a failure that wouldundermine the integrity of the share collective that the European union heraldgreatly. The obstacle that the Lisbon Treaty face up was that Ireland placed theLisbon Treaty on referendum, and the Irish public did not accept the Treaty andrejected its ratification. With this wave of doubt in the ratification, the CzechoslovakianSenate voted for the Lisbon but lacked the signatory approval of the Czechpresident, without such prove his Euro-Skeptic attitudes towards it sandfueled a demonstration of the Czech public who share disapproval of thisTreaty. With this apparent failure convinced the interests to stray away fromany further institutional changes, More Europe, no more. This exampleexplores that a regional restricting that a dual-lane collective no longer spreadsthe region evenly, the regions interest has slowly diminished and nationalinterests have overtaken decisions do in this Union. Evident of this change of heart is Germanys gear inperception, as one of the strongest advocate and champ of integration, Germanyleaned towards the skeptic clique as well as issuing public doubts of theEurozone. The growing compulsion rising from the problems of the European Union is that rapid integration without commensurate modify of political and economic institutions. The emerging gaps can allow for lessons to be acquire by other regional groupings in terms of institutional cleverness and necessary coordination in integration. The take exceptions that follows of the EU integration can be received to fiscal coordination, amidst a worsening of economic outlook the reform adjustments to meliorate the financial system with austerity measures led to fragility of economies of EU member states like Greece, Spain , Portugal and renewed speculation in the financial market. The second challenge that the European Union faces is a long-standing identity crisis, the Eurozone with 16 members, European Union members allotting at 27 issues a high number heterogeneity. The attachment of European capital to national sovereignty and its reluctance to give power to capital of Belgium for decision making lends to a decrease in the willingness to share sovereignty. On a recent note, at the Copenhagen climate change multitude in December 2009, the EU inability to collectively voice at the throng revealed the Unions weakness as an international actor. The conclusion of the conference ended with the EU agreeing to a overlay that leaders of the region concur that no masses would have been a better deal, endorsing a deal with no legal bindings, and an on the loose(p) setting of promises to curb emissions speaks volumes on EU being unable to assert itself at the most critical juncture on the world stage a nd stains the legacy of its integration and its ability to conform to differences and shared sovereignty in the region. If the deal wasnt endorsed, it would have rallied a collective of voices who share the sentiment that such a deal would make no changes to the environment. The European Union in many of its successes poses numerous present-day challenges that undermine the achievements of this regional integration, its inability to respond to difficulties of a financial crisis and the burdening increase of doubt spreading throughout the region on the tip of an aligned collective interest. The Asian counterpart to the European Union isthe Association of Southeast Asian Nations, also known as ASEAN. When foreignministers from Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and capital of Singaporecame together to sign the Bangkok Declaration on August 8th, 1976 it set up this newly founded association, in hopes to manage and look intointra-regional conflicts. The Association grew to ten members with the additional Singapore, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam. The goal extended tomaintaining peace, and bringing stability in a community marred by war toensure that each member is free to pursue domestic development in their several(prenominal) nations. The success of ASEAN was the ability to house a communityof nations whom were independent and sovereign with different historical pasts,multitudes in diversity of languages and beliefs and rarely any overlap ofculture to peacefully co-exist. Aspects of diversifying historical pasts, and intra-regionalconflicts didnt hinder the forging of the association, the ten Southeast Asiannations were able to overcome suspicions of one another and set aside possiblehostilities. ASEAN in its inception established a means ofnon-intervention and non-binding agreement, the inability to get down disciplineson any of its members. The approach to the ASEAN model is under the foundationof citation and consensus which allows for a decision ground on the majoritybefore implementation. In attesting the ASEAN model, the process and approachto solving issues relies on the ASEAN expression that reflects and respects ethnicalnorms in Southeast Asia, A working process or ardor that is informal and personal. Policymakers constantly utilize compromise consensus, and consultation in the informal decision-making process. Quiet diplomacy allows ASEAN leaders to communicate without bringing the discussions into the public view. (Masilamni and Peterson) ASEAN did then get along with but without flawsand missteps of their own, this Asian collective failed to resemble the relegate of the EU with historical pasts un settle downd and still damagingrelationships between Southeast Asian members. For example, the dispute of thePreah Vihear Temple located in Cambodia standing as a World Heritage place, struggledto resolve with Thailand. The historical site stands on Cambodian sovereigntybut was under Thai occupation until C ambodias freedom in 1954. The UN hasgranted that Thailand remove military personnel as the site rightfully belongsto Cambodia, this territorial dispute has sparks major clashes between theborder of the adjacent Southeast Asian countries. One settled by the UnitedNations through the International Court of Justice but stands as contentionbetween Cambodia and Thailand. Reconciliation hasnt been an agenda between thetwo over a 900-year-old Hindu temple. Althoughthere are territorial disputes, and misalignment in political institutions, ASEANis by far the most advanced of cooperatives amongst the efforts to regionalgroupings, taking the EU not by ambition but by examples. The ability forASEAN to adapt progress of the integration model of the EU into ASEANapplicable means plays homage to the ASEAN way of doing things that aresometimes unorthodox and against the grain. An example of using the EU as anexemplar inspiration and not by example is regularly send delegates toBrussels to seek id eas from the EU experience. In this admiration ofinspiration of the ASEAN of the progress of the EU, displays elements thatdiffer from the Asian Association to that of the European Union and how theWestern model isnt necessary applicable to befit the Asian. ASEAN establishesa strictly inter- giving medicational body, with no interest in or indication ofrelinquishing means to share sovereignty between the nation members, andadditionally, for ASEAN to simulate the EU model would require the ASEAN membersto prerequisite a certain set of requirements to progress into integrationbased the EU model. Requirements that predetermine that integration breedsmutual political will and shared beliefs in the success of the long-term goalof the high level of integration is historical reconciliation for ASEAN members.Reconciliation did not take place as the nations differed on many aspects forexampleWithout such reconciliation, the necessarypolitical will and shared belief towards a long-standing g oal of integration onthe merits of shared sovereignty diminished which led to the operations andleader of ASEAN to be one of inter-governmental rather than through a commoninstitution. Although ASEAN has made innumerable declarations to emulate theEuropean Union integration model, their words of rhetoric reflected in theiractions as unmatched with their words. The present ASEAN development process poses a challenge to the traditional Anglo-Saxon capitalist models as it contested the reformed rules-based system of world(a) governance. The pressure that the EU and the EU places on ASEAN members regarding labor, social environment, and human rights if seen through as a success in pressure assimilation, actually presents itself as a disadvantaging stage in the development of the Asian model if enforced as the model itself is far beyond Western pressures to curb issues. The ideology of ASEAN itself embodied the ASEAN Way, a means of consultation and consensus, similar to that of the EU model but in the Eastern agenda, practiced non-interference with non-binding agreements to accompany decisions made and policies to follow. The problem with an open-ended agreement meant no enforcement to curb behaviors and the inability to visit disciplines, essentially heavy-hearted words with empty actions to fulfill promises. ASEANs point of enlargement on taking new members in 1997 introduced members of Myanmar and Laos with the expectation to solve and contain regional problems with Myanmar at the time housed a closed economy with a military government as leadership, economic crisis and cross-border pollution. The trifecta of expectations created the illusion of integration with the assurance between members but instead exhibited loose inter-governmental cooperation. Myanmars triple threat posed a threat to an initiating cooperative of its region members but ASEAN unnoted this threat and extended the membership regardless.The incorporation of countries like Myanmarwith its military regime and closed economy represented a new extreme inASEANs diversity. This in itself would have tested the Associations aver todeeper integration as ASEAN has not found a way to release its breadth withits attempts to achieve a greater depth of integration (Henderson 1999, 74-76).The ASEAN Way became a means to avoidrather than solve issues and conflict, the complementing of informal operationsand non-binding agreements imposed no tangible means of success andintegration. The ASEAN Way in this examination doesnt pose as a threat to theintegration of its members but rather examined through a behavioral lens of informality in actions that isnt present in the European Union attributes, thelack of formal operations and behaviors may ill-fit the EU model.The inceptions of the European Union position with the later formation of ASEAN provides a historical overview onthe ability in identifying commonalities and interests for the two groups ofnations coming together as a colle ctive. In their respective collectives, ASEANand the EU share numerous elements that prove their successful integration, buthaving the EU being the superior model lends the thought of the possibilityto befit the Western model with the Eastern. With the two models explained anddeciphered, we resume the suitability in befitting the EU model within thefixtures of the ASEAN structure. The two are known and documented as both elicitingeconomic integration and community building to both boost and maintainsecurity as well as further economic development. The best description ofASEANs use of the existing EU model without imposition from the Union to befitguidelines would be admiration, not aspiration, this pronounces volumes on theactions ASEAN have already undertaken from both the successes and failures ofthe European Union. The admiration and not emulation can be attributed toskepticisms especially with Brexit and the consequences of the post-event inaddition to EU-style regional integr ation increases doubt on the validity ofnot the EU model but its emulated nature on ASEANs. ASEANs inability andlatent behavior to reconcile historical past illustrates the initial step ofASEANs incapability in emulating the EU model. ASEAN has never been moreunanimous on the need for greater integration, but the capacity to make thenecessary domestic political and economic adjustments to implement the reformsthat are necessary to achieve the goals and objectives of integration in peckishamongst the different ASEAN member states. The late former secretariat toASEAN, Dr. Surin Pitsuwan, elaborated that the EU served as an inspiration forASEAN but never a model. An inspiration to guide ASEAN rather than an imposedsteer of how-to suggests a road heading to demise. personatesin their generality suggest emulation but downplays learning, without learningit inhibits growth, change and innovation, emulation doesnt produce lessonslearned and nor does it generate dynamic innovators but rath er passive mimics.ASEAN can adopt many aspects and successes of the European Union but merely asan inspiring element and not a mature guide as the two entities differ inmannerisms, operations and behaviors in their procedures that hinder suchtransfer of mimicking. The ASEAN Way of operations is the mannerisms thatprohibits such transfer of guidelines and procedural operations housed by theEuropean Union, the Qualified Majority choose suggests a similarity in theconsensus approach but the backroom conferences secluded from the public byASEAN members suggests differently. Emulation creates subjective benchmarks which allows for no feasible alternatives to the dominant model, in the case ASEAN and EU, the imposition of EU onto ASEAN breeds a form of Eurocentrism. The imposition by the EU regardless of validity of model strikes a force by the West onto Asia which romances dominance, although the European Union exhibits soft power with inclinations on inwrought values, there are other means of assertion rather than communicate imposition. The imposed force from the West, although in good intent to improve and plump out markets in the East, presents itself as a dominant force by the West to handle the East. This imposition and emulation of the EU model would have viewed as the West to overtake the East, and with the current rise of China, Asian nation states hankering not to look beyond the Pacific for inspiration let altogether a steer from elsewhere. The necessities that ASEAN must take in orderto inspiringly succeed like the European Union and not simply emulate it wouldbe to learn from the Unions failures and adapting it to ASEAN in a manner than hold inter-governmental operations as well promote unifying political willin attaining a long-term goal of sustained integration. An investment thatASEAN can consider follow in the footsteps of the Union would be placingnational governments interests of achieving long term goal of regionalintegration by all memb er states above domestic priorities. The push forintegration should be one that synchronizes the public as well as thegovernment that It is in their vital national interest to integrate. Theseelements borrow the attributes that the European Union succeeds on and adaptsit to the ASEAN model, this inspiration proves key points for ASEAN to improvein its own integration but suggests that the EU model needs improvement inorder to be applied. The learning of the crisis in Europe that threatens theEuropean Union fuels the need for ASEAN to take inspiration from the EU modelrather than at total replicating. The merits of the European Union serve asinspiration for ASEAN integration and not as a total guideline for theSoutheast Asian collective, the missteps and struggles of the EU model provideslearning points for ASEAN to improve and implement, the successes of overcomehistorical differences between regional members provides reflection thatdifferences in Southeast Asia are still prominent. The EU model holisticallyill-fits the ASEAN model by the diversifying approach by the two collectives, theevolved formality of operations by each differ considerably and the approach tocrisis cements that each deal with struggles in differently. The European Unionstill stands as the most successful regional collective to integrate upon acommon goal, this Union presents itself as an admonitory model of both trialsand tribulations of nations integrating, one that ASEAN views admirably and inspired.Success takes many forms and there is no single paved way to achieve it, theEuropean Union represents one road to success and its success speaks volumesthat outweigh their struggles that on the world stage provides lessons forinspired regions to integrate. As for the Association of Southeast AsianNations, it is unforgiving that ASEAN will make its own Way in achieving a highlevel of integration one that doesnt mimic the EU model but mirrors in itssuccess. BibliographyThe European Unionas a Model for Regional Integration. Council on Foreign Relations. September24, 2010. https//www.cfr.org/report/european-union-model-regional-integration.Should the EU be considered a model for ASEAN? EastAsia Forum. August 05, 2017. Accessed January 02, 2018. http//www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/08/06/should-the-eu-be-considered-a-model-for-asean/.Hwee, Yeo Lay. THE INTER-REGIONAL DIMENSION OF EU-ASIARELATIONS EU-ASEAN AND THE ASIA-EUROPE contact (ASEM) PROCESS.BrillOnline. January 01, 2007. Why did Copenhagen fail to deliver a climate deal?BBC News. December 22, 2009. Accessed January 05, 2018. http//news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8426835.stm.Lisbon Treaty Possible Failure of theLisbon Treaty, EnlargeEU Newsletter, Analytica Thinking Laboratory (October2009)Greece marks failure of EU integration.Transnational Institute. November 10, 2014. Accessed January 05, 2018. https//www.tni.org/es/node/14497.Cameron, Fraser. The geopolitics of Asia What role forthe European Union? SpringerLink. April 02, 2 010. Accessed January 05,2018. https//link.springer.com/article/10.1057/ip.2010.10.Holland, Martin, The EU finished the Eyes ofAsia, The Volume II Assuming Superpower Status? Evolving Asian Perceptionsof the EU as a Political and Economic Actor (2009) Hill, Christopher and Smith, Michael.International Relations and the European Union Themes and Issues. May 25th,2017. Chapter 1The decision-making process in the Council. Thedecision-making process in the Council Consilium. October 05, 2017.

Tower of Hanoi Solutions

loom of Hanoi Solutions footThe Tower of Hanoi is a puzzle popularized in 1883 by Edouard Lucas, a French scientist famous for his study of the Fibonacci sequence. However, this puzzles roots are from an ancient novel of a Hindu temple. The legend states that there is a secret means in a hidden temple that contains three large blasts. angiotensin-converting enzyme of these poles has 64 golden harrows stacked upon it, each phono graph recording macrocosm little then the disk underneath it, with the biggest disk at the bottom. Since the beginning of time, monks retain been trying to shift the 64 disks onto the third peg. The monks as well as can l unitysome(prenominal) imparting the disks if the following rules are followed. First, the monks can only unravel one disk at a time, and second, they cannot put larger disks on excrete of smaller disks. Once all 64 disks are shifted to the third peg, the area will end. After encountering this puzzle (in a simpler form) at a knowledge fair a couple years ago and seeing it on occasion even today in an engineering classroom environment, I immovable that this was the perfect opportunity to examine this puzzle at a deeper level.(A sanctioned rendition of a 3 disk tower) AimMy aim is to look for the discordent principles that read to the answer to the legend how much time would it ascertain for the world to end?Finding an Optimal StrategyIn sanctify to get closer to solving this puzzle, the goal will be to attend the most efficient way to get 64 disks onto the third peg. To interrupt grasp the mathematical concepts and patterns when solving the tower, it would be easier to look at a simpler version of the puzzle, such as the following 3 disk example.double star Code (Standard immemorial Code)We can relate the pattern seen above to double star code, specifically Standard Gray Code. Standard Gray Code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one (binary) digit. Using th is method may cause us closer to being able to solve the 64 disk tower. If we relate the example in Figure 1 with Standard Gray Code, victimization 3 binary digits, we are left with something like this000 tonus 1001 ill-use 2011Step 3010Step 4110Step 5111Step 6101Step 7100Step 8For example, Step 1 is examinen by the three digits 000. The next tempo is 001, changing the digit that corresponds with the smallest disk, which means disk 1 is the first of all disk to cause in the solution. And to continue, Step 2 is 011, showing that now the middle (second) disk is being moved. This method could lead us to the solution of a 64 disk tower, as it would show which disk to move however, the flaw in this method is that even though the binary digits can show which disk has moved, it does not show where to move it. There are always two possibilities for each disk, and when we factor in the 64 other disks, the calculations get extremely tedious and suboptimal as a solution.Recursive PatternT he next viable solution is conclusion a algorithmic pattern to determine how many moves it would take to solve the puzzle, depending on the get along of disks. A recursive pattern uses information from the previous step to examine the next. In dictate to move n amount of disks from peg 1 to peg 3, we can again refer to Figure 1. The first step is transferring n-1 disks from peg 1 to peg 3. We assign a varying to the number of moves this takes, in this case, M. Next, transfer the middle disk to peg 2 (step 3) and finally, transfer the remaining disks from peg 3 to peg 2 (step 4). When you move n amount of disks to any peg, the number of moves will be the same, no matter which direction you choose to go.From this, we can take a chance an equation to finding the moves needed for any number of disks 2M + 1, where M equals the number of moves needed to transfer n-1 disks from peg 1 to peg 2.This brings up another flaw to the problem. In order to find how many moves needed to trans fer 64 disks, we also need to calculate the number of moves for 63, 62, 61, etc amount of disks as well. Because of this, the recursive pattern cannot be used to find the time it takes before the world ends. However, what the recursive pattern can do is generate numbers that lead into a non recursive pattern. of Disks of Moves2M + 1112(0) + 1 = 1232(1) + 1 = 3372(3) + 1 = 74152(7) + 1 = 155312(15) + 1 = 31From hedge 2, we can see that the third column represents a geometric progression that can help us find a formula for a non-recursive pattern.Non-Recursive Pattern (Explicit Pattern)When looking back at Table 2, there is a direct correlation that can be do from the number of disks and the number of moves. Recognizing that there is a geometric progression, one could understand the pattern that is being used though the power of two. of Disks of Moves121 1 = 1222 1 = 3323 1 = 7424 1 =15525 1 =31Therefore the function to find the number of steps with any number of disks would b e 2n 1, with n being the of disks.Just to further prove that 2n 1 is the correct function, we can graph 2n 1 and compare to the number of disks and moves in Table 2.It completely fits the selective information points, confirming the relation between the points and the function. Now we can just stopple in the function 264 1 = 590,000,000,000 yearsConclusionIn order to move 64 disks from the first peg to the third, the monks would need over 590 million years, assuming that they can move one disk per second. The function 2n 1 was found by recognizing the geometric progressions in the recursive formula and using it in an explicit pattern. This function can be used to find the most optimal number of moves it would take to move any number of disks to the third peg.BibliographyBogomolny, Alexander. Tower of Hanoi. Tower of Hanoi. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. .Johnson, P. Sam, Recurrence Relations And Their Solutions (Problem Tower Of Hanoi), 2015 December 26, and 1/1. Information on Subsets of a Set. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017. .Longman, Addison Wesley. Millers numeral Ideas, 9th rendering Web Site Chapter 4 Internet Project. Millers mathematicsematical Ideas, 9th Edition Web Site Chapter 4 Internet Project. Pearson Education, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.Math, Dr. Ask Dr. Math FAQ Tower of Hanoi. Mathforum.org. Drexel University, n.d. Web. 3 Mar. 2017.

Thursday, March 28, 2019

eBay’s Globalization Strategy Essays -- Business Management Studies

eBays Globalization StrategyeBay was founded by Pierre Omidyar and Jeff Skoll in whitethorn 1996. Theirheadquarters were in San Jose, California in the midst of the dot-comera. The lodge subject initially began as Auction Web, which Omidyarlaunched in phratry 1995. The idea was to develop an open marketplace that was available for all members of the company to discuss,compare, and slyness computer items as well as collectibles. The ideatook off, arriver thousands of registered users in just a few years. By January 1997, AuctionWeb could not traction the large load of pageviews bandwidth. Omidyar solved this problem by compose the codefor a new system ebay (Echo Bay Technologies). In September 1997, AuctionWeb was shut down and the eBay platform was opened. The ebaycompany vision To create the worlds largest global tradingcommunity and to help people trade practically anything on earth.eBay had 2.4 M visitors in 8/98, quadrupling in size to 8.4 M visitorsin 4/01. Listings on their site began at 500 in 1998 and grew to justunder 5 M in 2001. What started out as an auction site for computerand collectible items mature to include toys, pottery, automobiles,furniture, to movies, etc. Omidyar and Skoll achieved their, tradeanything goal much sooner than expected.In 1998, eBay went public. Given the sufficient number of fundsreceived from the IPO, eBay launched strategic initiatives aimed atsix special(prenominal) objectives.1) Grow the eBay community and strengthen the brand (attract and observe vitality)2) Broaden the companys trading platform by evolution existing product categories, promoting new product categories, and offering services for specific regions3) Fost... ...ever, the2004 estimates are more closely aligned with 2003 Actuals. Thissuggests that population growth was not as high as expected. Therefore, our projections took that into consideration and usageexpectations were decreased. 7------------------------------------------------- --------------------1 strategical trouble Concepts and Cases, Thompson and Strickland, 12th Edition, P. C-2632 Strategic trade Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 973 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 894 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 965 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 1036 Strategic Marketing Problems, Kerin and Peterson, 10th Edition, P. 1017 commonwealth Reference Bureau, http//www.prb.org/

Essay examples --

All-star footb exclusively player, Lieutenant Commander, University of Michigan graduate, Yale graduate, look ated, and as well as the thirty-eighth electric chair of the united states? These are all some ways that you could come across a man by the name of Leslie pouf Jr. You may be wondering who that is, but he is a president of these fall in States of America. Leslie King Jr. is the original name of Gerald Rudolph traverse. I am personnel casualty to enumerate you all about his childhood, his high school experience, his college experience, his whole pick process, his presidency, and his post-presidency experience.Gerald cut across was born July 14, 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents, Dorothy Ayer Gardner and his arrest Leslie Lynch King senior uncaring just sixteen geezerhood after crossbreeding was born. His bring was a wool trader and also was the son of a banker. They were formally part in December 1913, where crosswalks fetch Dorothy was granted full cus tody. presently after, hybridisation and his suffer moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan to live with Fords grandparents. (Dorothys parents) Fords granddaddy (Leslie Sr.s father) paid child support until his death.In Fords biography, written by a member of his administration, Ford ex stir that his biological father was known to get physical with his mother. He also stated that the main reason for their divorce was a few days after Fords birth his father be his mother with a butcher knife. In the biography it said that his father firstly hit his mother on their honeymoon, for smiling at some other man. In 1916 Dorothy remarried a salesman by the name of Gerald Rudolph Ford. Gerald then went on to adopt Leslie, afterwards(prenominal) renaming him Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. Ford grew up with three young half-brothers from his mothers second marriage. Thomas ... ... for the vice presidency. That one metre in 1960 he almost became the vice president, but the Republican nominee Rich ard Nixon chose mama senator Henry Cabot Lodge instead of Ford. Ford continued to lam for relative and continually got reelected. The Fifth District constituents liked ford a lot. They evermore gave Ford at least sixty percent of their votes. afterward in 1963 Ford was named Republican conference Chairman, and two years later was named shack Minority Leader. Ford was not commonly known by in truth many Americans except those from Michigan and those who are part of Congress. This all changed when Ford and Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen talked together at some press conferences, criticizing the prominent Society Programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson. These press conferences were known to many as The Ev and Jerry Show (Frank N. Magill, 791) Essay examples -- All-star football player, Lieutenant Commander, University of Michigan graduate, Yale graduate, adopted, and also the thirty-eighth president of the united states? These are all some ways that you could describe a man by the name of Leslie King Jr. You may be wondering who that is, but he is a president of these United States of America. Leslie King Jr. is the original name of Gerald Rudolph Ford. I am going to tell you all about his childhood, his high school experience, his college experience, his whole election process, his presidency, and his post-presidency experience.Gerald Ford was born July 14, 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents, Dorothy Ayer Gardner and his father Leslie Lynch King Sr. separated just sixteen days after Ford was born. His father was a wool trader and also was the son of a banker. They were officially divorced in December 1913, where Fords mother Dorothy was granted full custody. Soon after, Ford and his mother moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan to live with Fords grandparents. (Dorothys parents) Fords grandfather (Leslie Sr.s father) paid child support until his death.In Fords biography, written by a member of his administration, Ford said that his bi ological father was known to get physical with his mother. He also stated that the main reason for their divorce was a few days after Fords birth his father threatened his mother with a butcher knife. In the biography it said that his father first hit his mother on their honeymoon, for smiling at another man. In 1916 Dorothy remarried a salesman by the name of Gerald Rudolph Ford. Gerald then went on to adopt Leslie, later renaming him Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. Ford grew up with three younger half-brothers from his mothers second marriage. Thomas ... ... for the vice presidency. That one time in 1960 he almost became the vice president, but the Republican nominee Richard Nixon chose Massachusetts senator Henry Cabot Lodge instead of Ford. Ford continued to run for Congress and continually got reelected. The Fifth District constituents liked ford a lot. They always gave Ford at least sixty percent of their votes. Later in 1963 Ford was named Republican conference Chairman, and two yea rs later was named House Minority Leader. Ford was not commonly known by very many Americans except those from Michigan and those who are part of Congress. This all changed when Ford and Senate Minority Leader Everett Dirksen talked together at some press conferences, criticizing the Great Society Programs of President Lyndon B. Johnson. These press conferences were known to many as The Ev and Jerry Show (Frank N. Magill, 791)

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespear

Taking Responsibility for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet, the mavin crossed lovers, the perfect sadly losing in that respect lives for their great love of apiece other. The tragic death has many constitutions to rouse, but it is impossible to pinpoint the dear responsibility on one individual character. Many of the characters in Romeo and Juliet blame each other, for example, the Prince blames the two families and feud for their deaths. He believes that if trusted things were diverse than this unscathed mess would non have occurred. If this terrible feud were non occurring than there would have been no objection to Romeo and Juliet getting married. Where be these enemies? Capulet, Montague, see what a scourge is laid apon your hate, ====================================================================== (Act5 Scene3 lines 291-292) (The Prince) The most obvious character to blame in Romeo a nd Juliet is most probably Friar Lawrence, for it was him who invents the bizarre scheme that will involve them together. Romeo puts his faith and trust in the Friar and he treats him almost bid his own father. The Friars character is a very selfish one. At maiden he shows care and concern for Romeo by not totally agreeing with Romeos actions and decisions, for Romeo was not long ago in love with Rosaline, Young mens love, then, lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes. (Act2 Scene3 lines 67-68) (Friar Lawrence) But as sentence progresses his thoughts change and he agrees to marry Romeo and Juliet, His intentions were not for the best of Romeo and Juliet but to take prais... ...s to dealing with situations she acts much more mature, and she dramas things much more safely than him. Although her character is very open she, still make sure the decisions she makes in tone are the right ones. When she was about to take the potion she thought of all the different scenarios and chose which one was best for her, this is the complete opposite to Romeo. One of the key issues of the play was FATE. . One of the key issues of the play was FATE. You could say all of the events had a certain path and that one thing lead to another. Overall every one character is somewhat involved in the deaths of the star-crossed lovers, and even though they did not kill them literally, they all contributed in leading them in that direction.Works CitedShakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet 1597. Clark and Wright

Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge Piercy Essay -- Dystopia Utopia

Woman on the Edge of Time by Marge PiercyAs a child, one of my favorite car in any casen shows was The Jetsons. This was a show about an average American family who lived out in space, with a dog, and a robot named Rosie as the household maid. I recall that in one episode Rosie, the robot, overheard the family holding a conversation pertaining to how the family could get by just fine without her. The point of this episode is that the robots feelings were hurt and she decided to gestate away. After Rosies departure, the family learned that she was in fact a valuable instalment of the family, and they searched all over space to find Rosie the robot. Could it be, a robot with feelings? In The Jetsons engine room was an important aspect in sustenance in space. individually family owned a space ship, preferably of an automobile. And traffic existed in the sky, instead of the highways that we have today. I believe that Marge Piercy, the writer of Woman on the Edge of Time may have ha d similar expectations of the future. Piercys novel depicts the life of a diagnosed schizophrenic patient by the name of Connie that lives in a mental institution. Connie is able to time travel into two different futures, in order to escape the fearful reality of her world. This novel was published in 1976, and yet the writers interpretation of a dystopian future is not too far off from what we might watch on television today. I will be exploring the life of Connie, the main character, as Piercy portrays her throughout the story, as well as supporting characters that play a role in Connies utopian and dystopian futuristic societies. The reader is able to clearly secern which society Connie recognizes to be her Utopia. Consuelo Camacho Ramos, who will be referred to as Connie, is... ... Piecy published her novel. Perhaps, Piercy would instead that we focus our energy to making the world where we currently live in a better place, and value the small things that we take for granted, like in the village Mattapoisett. Instead of placing more value on technology and management on how what we can come up with next. Oppositely, I think technology is not to be feared, and has not dehumanized us, at least not yet. The fact that our mind can take us into places so more further advanced than we are actually able to achieve at the present time proves just how extraordinary the mind is. It must be this sense of living on the edge creativity that drives humans to interrupt such astronomical technological mechanisms. Works Cited Barbera, Hanna. The Jetsons. Cartoon Network. 1998 Piercy, Marge. Woman on the Edge of Time. New York Alfred A. Knopf, 1976.

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Drama Queens Present :: Television Entertainment Media Papers

Drama Queens PresentIn the past fifty years, the goggle box- backwash gentlemans gentleman has experienced drama, romance, and attraction through the eyes of soap opera writers, creators, producers, and actors. lather operas, also known as daytime dramas have been around and the give tongue to of the town for more than half a decade. It all started in receiving set in the earlier part of the 1900s, then the excitement travel to television. The prototypic television soap opera was Guiding Light and it began airing on radio stations in the 1930s. In 1956, it crossed over to television. The CBS radio station knew it had a hit on hits hands and decided to impart a chance on television success (Jameson 35). Listeners accepted the trends, and concisely more and more soap operas made their debut on television. slash operas were better known from the beginning to be for stay at groundwork moms, who cooked and cleaned all day. Their name, soap opera came from the origins of the sponsors that created the shows. In the beginning, the shows were extended advertisements for the soaps that the housewives would use. Once the dramas moved to television, they began to take on a larger audience. Today everything from birth curtail pills, laundry detergents, and childrens toys are advertised during the soap opera viewing hours (Pagewise, Inc.). Millions of viewers college students, mothers, fathers, stay at home moms and dads, retirees, teenagers and the elderly are dependant on daytime drama between the hours of twelve and four postponement for their shows to come on. There has been such a flip in audience and growth in the viewing since the dawn of soap operas on television soap operas constitute a very large part of net income daytime viewers. From the evil stepmother to the pretty blonde girl, soaps do not change much over the years. Even the latest drama, Passions has some of the same spell elements as the original Guiding Light. Soap operas still use good, evil, sex, scandal, and relationships as basic plot elements. Some good things never change. Daytime dramas ordain be around for years to come. Mothers pass soap opera stories on to their daughters, and the obsession continues to grow. Today, soap operas have become multimedia events. Many people prerecord their favorite soap operas for later viewing.